S.T.A.L.K.E.R.

Before starting I want to give a thanks to all the translators out there who have translated mods into english. I personally don't speak Russian so it's very helpful. As a special shoutout I'd like to mention the C-Consciousness group on moddb for not only archiving some of these mods but also translating them. Along with that the S.T.A.L.K.E.R. General board on 4chan for just existing. And finally ap-pro for being basically the central hub for S.T.A.L.K.E.R. mods.

Useful Links

S.T.A.L.K.E.R. Mod Vocabulary

Mod - An all-encompassing phenomenon. Every pack or vasyanka is a mod, but not every mod is a pack or vasyanka.

Vanilla - The original version of the mod or the game itself, which has no third-party edits.
Example: Call of Chernobyl 1.4.22, Call of Pripyat 1.6.02.

Packs - As a rule, subject to a single concept of the same type of elements. Can be used in any of the categories, created specifically for it, or exist as a standalone mod.
Example: texture pack, weapon pack, music pack.

Addons - A modification created for another modification. Has a clear concept from a weapon pack to a global mod.
Examples: The Armed Zone, Gunslinger Npc Rework Addon, Search for Chernobyl Chess Player, Geonezis addon.

Addon Pack - Usually the quintessence of other modifications with minimal or no copyright edits. Such modifications can not be less than three. Global concept: to please yourself or the players by collecting the most acceptable modifications.
Examples: Град обречённый, Escape from Pripyat.

Adaptation - Combines one modification with another in a single copy. Author's changes are usually absent, subordinate to the existing concept/ways.
Examples: SGM+Atmosfear 3, Call of Misery.

Solyanka - Usually the quintessence of other modifications, but with copyright edits that affect them, sometimes changing what is absorbed beyond recognition, or uses well-known additions to implement their own gameplay features and story.
Examples: NS.

Vasyanka - Mods with superficial gameplay, made hastily, without global concept, with a large number of errors (spelling and syntax in Lua and/or C++), or distorts the global concept of another mod and deteriorates its technical part.
Examples: Чудесный кристалл, дарованный звёздами, Hibernation Evil, SGM+Gunslinger, Misery+Gunslinger, Mystery of Agroprom.

Trash - A mod with a deliberate bias toward delusional gaming conventions and the grotesque. Don't confuse with vasyankas, it's a separate art form.
Examples: Unleashed Sidorovich Fury, Reborn, Pepel mod, Time of Alliance.

Global mod - Has a lot of author's innovations and a global concept, according to which the vast majority of the game mechanics are affected.
Examples: NLC, Lost Alpha, OLR.

Short mod - The mod's quests can be completed in several hours, often made based on the original game, or adapted to undemanding and easy to connect mods.
Examples: Spatial Anomaly, Contract for the Good Life.